PHP变量底层实现

//zend_types.h
typedef struct _zval_struct     zval;

typedef union _zend_value {
    zend_long         lval;    //int整形
    double            dval;    //浮点型
    zend_refcounted  *counted;
    zend_string      *str;     //string字符串
    zend_array       *arr;     //array数组
    zend_object      *obj;     //object对象
    zend_resource    *res;     //resource资源类型
    zend_reference   *ref;     //引用类型，通过&$var_name定义的
    zend_ast_ref     *ast;     //下面几个都是内核使用的value
    zval             *zv;
    void             *ptr;
    zend_class_entry *ce;
    zend_function    *func;
    struct {
        uint32_t w1;
        uint32_t w2;
    } ww;
} zend_value;

struct _zval_struct {
    zend_value        value; //变量实际的value
    union {
        struct {
            ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4( //这个是为了兼容大小字节序，小字节序就是下面的顺序，大字节序则下面4个顺序翻转
                zend_uchar    type,         //变量类型
                zend_uchar    type_flags,  //类型掩码，不同的类型会有不同的几种属性，内存管理会用到
                zend_uchar    const_flags,
                zend_uchar    reserved)     //call info，zend执行流程会用到
        } v;
        uint32_t type_info; //上面4个值的组合值，可以直接根据type_info取到4个对应位置的值
    } u1;
    union {
        uint32_t     var_flags;
        uint32_t     next;                 //哈希表中解决哈希冲突时用到
        uint32_t     cache_slot;           /* literal cache slot */
        uint32_t     lineno;               /* line number (for ast nodes) */
        uint32_t     num_args;             /* arguments number for EX(This) */
        uint32_t     fe_pos;               /* foreach position */
        uint32_t     fe_iter_idx;          /* foreach iterator index */
    } u2; //一些辅助值
};

struct _zend_string {
    zend_refcounted_h gc;
    zend_ulong        h;                /* hash value */
    size_t            len;
    char              val[1];
};

typedef struct _zend_array HashTable;

struct _zend_array {
    zend_refcounted_h gc; //引用计数信息，与字符串相同
    union {
        struct {
            ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4(
                zend_uchar    flags,
                zend_uchar    nApplyCount,
                zend_uchar    nIteratorsCount,
                zend_uchar    reserve)
        } v;
        uint32_t flags;
    } u;
    uint32_t          nTableMask; //计算bucket索引时的掩码
    Bucket           *arData; //bucket数组
    uint32_t          nNumUsed; //已用bucket数
    uint32_t          nNumOfElements; //已有元素数，nNumOfElements <= nNumUsed，因为删除的并不是直接从arData中移除
    uint32_t          nTableSize; //数组的大小，为2^n
    uint32_t          nInternalPointer; //数值索引
    zend_long         nNextFreeElement;
    dtor_func_t       pDestructor;
};

struct _zend_object {
    zend_refcounted_h gc;
    uint32_t          handle;
    zend_class_entry *ce; //对象对应的class类
    const zend_object_handlers *handlers;
    HashTable        *properties; //对象属性哈希表
    zval              properties_table[1];
};

struct _zend_resource {
    zend_refcounted_h gc;
    int               handle;
    int               type;
    void             *ptr;
};

struct _zend_reference {
    zend_refcounted_h gc;
    zval              val;
};